Ling Kai

This whitepaper is based on the GS1 international standard document GS1 Application Identifier 02 and the GS1 General Specifications. It provides a systematic technical analysis of the definition, encoding structure, combination constraints, GS1 Digital Link implementation, and cross-industry deployment practices of Application Identifier AI 02. AI 02 is specifically used to identify the homogeneous trade item GTIN […]

In supply chain and physical commerce systems, physical locations serve as core spatial anchors for goods storage, circulation and handover. For a long time, inconsistent internal location coding rules across enterprises have prevented direct mutual recognition of cross-entity and cross-system location information, resulting in inaccurate inventory positioning, low handover efficiency, and missing spatial dimensions in

In the supply chain logistics system, shipment is the core business node of goods circulation from the shipper to the consignee. A unified identification for shipment batches is the foundation for collaborative management of the whole outbound, transport and receipt process. For a long time, inconsistent shipment numbering rules across enterprises have led to low

In the global multimodal transport system, a single consignment often passes through multiple carriers, transport modes and transit nodes before delivery. For a long time, consignment numbering rules have been defined independently by each logistics enterprise, requiring repeated document matching and manual data entry during cross-party handover. This not only drags down efficiency but also

In the global supply chain system, unified identification of trade items is the foundation for automated checkout, inventory management and end-to-end traceability. As a core component of the GS1 global identification system, the Global Trade Item Number (GTIN), carried by GS1 Application Identifier (AI) 01, is currently the most widely adopted product identification standard worldwide.

Accurate identification and tracking of logistics units underpin the efficient operation of warehousing, transportation and last-mile delivery across the supply chain. For a long time, inconsistent logistics coding rules across enterprises and regions have made cross-party handover rely on manual document checking and repeated data entry, dragging down efficiency and introducing errors. As the core

Within the GS1 global identification system, the Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) solves the identity recognition problem for individual items and trade units. However, for cross-enterprise unified identification and full-lifecycle management at the product model level, a dedicated standardized coding framework is required. GS1 Application Identifier (AI) 8013, corresponding to the Global Model Number (GMN),

Within the GS1 Global Identification System, AI 8018 (Global Service Relation Number – Recipient, GSRN‑RECIPIENT) is the core primary identifier exclusively dedicated to service recipients. As a first‑class primary key in the GS1 Digital Link URI ecosystem, it maps offline service relationships into the digital space, enabling globally unique identification, end‑to‑end traceability, and trusted data